A Simple Guide to the Four Main Categories of Hadith

I divide the categories of Hadith into four simple groups to make them easy to understand. The scholars of Hadith (Muhadditheen) set several conditions to establish authenticity: three of these conditions relate to the Matn (the actual text) and three relate to the Sanad (the chain of narrators). Without going into too much detail, based on these conditions, four main categories are formed (though many more exist): Sahih (Authentic): A Hadith where both the text (Matn) and the chain of narrators (Sanad) are perfectly sound and reliable. Hasan (Good): This is a Hadith that has some minor issues [usually in the memory of a narrator], but the text remains strong. Dha’if (Weak): A Hadith where the issues are more significant, but some elements might still be correct. It cannot be entirely discarded, but we must follow a specific framework to use it. Such Hadiths cannot be used for crucial matters [like establishing Law/Shariah], but we accept them for general motivation and good deeds (Fada'il). Mawdu’ (Fabricated): These are called Maudoo'at—statements that are completely fabricated or 'man-made.' Scholars put as much effort into researching Fabricated Hadiths as they do into Authentic ones. They research deeply to see if the Prophet (ﷺ) actually said it or not. If he didn't, then attributing it to him is considered a false accusation (slander) against the Holy Prophet (ﷺ).